Scott Boman

Scott Boman
Born Scott Avery Boman
April 14, 1962(1962-04-14)
Detroit, Michigan
Residence Detroit, Michigan
Other names Scotty Boman
Ethnicity American
Citizenship United States
Education BS, MA and MAT. Physics, Philosophy, and Math
Alma mater WMU and WSU
Occupation College Professor
Employer WCCCD and MCC
Known for Politician, activist, writer, musician
Home town Detroit, Michigan
Title Professor
Political party Republican
Website
http://scottyboman.com

Scott ("Scotty") Avery Boman (born April 14, 1962) [1][2] has been one of Michigan’s most visible[3] (and most voted[4] for) Libertarian politicians since the late 1990s. Boman was the 2006 running mate of gubernatorial candidate Gregory Creswell in the 2006 Michigan gubernatorial election, and has been a candidate in every state-wide partisan election since 1994 when he ran for State Representative in the 7th district.[1] While his birth name is "Scott" he has gone by "Scotty" on his literature and in ballot listings.[5] Also, he became the second Libertarian to be endorsed by The Detroit News, when he competed in the 1997 Detroit City Council general election.[6][7][8][9]

As of January 2008, Boman has been a member of the Republican Party, and has been actively promoting Republican Presidential candidate Ron Paul by participating in interviews with local media, writing opinion columns, and being an assistant meetup organizer.[10][11][12]

In the 2010 Michigan elections, Boman ran for Secretary of State and received 58,044 votes.[13]

Contents

Early life

Boman was son of Democratic politician, and precinct delegate, Ray Howard Boman.[1] Scott Boman went to grade school at the Detroit Waldorf School,[14] and graduated from Grosse Pointe South High School in 1980. He earned a bachelors of Science in Physics and Philosophy (with a minor in mathematics) from Western Michigan University in 1985. Boman returned to Western Michigan University where he earned his Master of Arts in Physics, and participated in scholarly research.[15] In 1999 he earned a MAT in Secondary Education at Wayne State University.[2][16]

Political activities prior to 2006

Scott Boman has run for several public offices, and has been elected to leadership positions in a few organizations.[17]

In 1984 Boman was the founding President of a student social organization at Western Michigan University called "Fellowship of the Purple Cube".[18][19] The organization also organized a protest in support of students who wished to hold an outlawed street party.[18][19][20] Boman also wrote for the Western Herald [21] on this issue and other topics.

In 1994 Boman ran for 7th District State Representative to the Michigan Legislature.[22] In the same year Boman (along with Emily Salvette and Barb Vozenilek) headed a successful effort to collect 40,700 signatures to restore the Libertarian Party of Michigan's ballot access.[23]

In 1996 Boman ran for the United States House of Representatives 14th District. He received 1,705 votes for .9% of the vote.[24][25][26]

In 1997 Boman became the second Libertarian to be endorsed by The Detroit News, when he ran for member of the Detroit City Council.[6]

In 1998 he ran for the Wayne State University Board of Governors.[27] Boman received 2.6% of the vote.[28]

In 1999 Boman was elected to the Wayne State University Student Council.[29][30]

He ran again for the Wayne State University Board of Governors in 2000,[31] earning more votes than any other minor party candidate, in that election, for any office.[32][33] His vote total of 130,176 (1.86%). This is 46,000 votes more than those cast for the well-known Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader, whose vote total was 84,165 votes (but since less votes were cast for president Nader had a higher percentage of the vote [34]).[35]

In 2002, Boman ran for the State Board of Education[36][37] receiving 1.57% of the vote.[38]

In 2004 the perennial candidate made another run for the State Board of Education[39][40][41][42]

In 2005 he was Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of Michigan.[43]

In 2006 Boman was elected to be Chair of the Libertarian Party of Michigan.[44]

2006 Lieutenant Governor candidacy

Gubernatorial ticket

Boman's presence on the gubernatorial ticket was the topic of an article in the Detroit Free Press. Gregory Creswell;[3] Gubernatorial candidate Gregory Creswell and Boman's names appeared on the campaigns signage with Boman's name on the right and with the elective offices they were running for listed underneath.[45] Both candidates actively distributed the tickets campaign profiles and other materials whenever possible.[46] They also participated jointly on radio interviews and in radio commercials.[16][47]

Racial preferences

Like Creswell, Boman said his support of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (MCRI) was consistent with his opposition to all forms of state-sponsored racial or sexual discrimination. Like Creswell, he spoke in radio commercials that contrasted Libertarians from Democrats and Republicans, by supporting an end to what they called, "racial preferences".[16][17]

Civil liberties, prisons and non-violent crime

Boman, like Creswell, held to the notion that people should be free to act as they wish so long as they don’t initiate force against others. He was endorsed by the "Stonewall Libertarians"[48] for openly supporting equal rights for gays.[49] Boman also argued that a respect for civil liberties would eliminate the need for replacing Michigan's single-business tax. Boman’s alternative was to save money by pardoning people in prison for what he called "victimless crimes", and an end to state enforcement of drug prohibitions. He focused on medical marijuana as one example of civil liberties worthy of being respected.[16] He was also a member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), but choose not to renew his membership in 2006 because of the ACLU opposition to MCRI.[50][51][52]

Economy

Boman also supported a market economy. Both he and Creswell referred to the Mackinac Center[53] when asked for specific ideas on practical economic reforms. In general Boman objected to all taxes, but conceded the need to phase them out carefully.[54][55]

Republican Party involvement

In January, 2008, Boman became a member of the Republican Party. He was interviewed by Detroit’s major daily newspaper, the Detroit News about his support of Republican Presidential candidate Ron Paul, and cites the Paul candidacy as a reason for becoming a Republican.[10]

Boman also encouraged voters to choose Ron Paul in his opinion column,[11] and has served as an assistant meetup organizer for the Wayne County Ron Paul Meetup Group.[12]

He was elected precinct delegate in 2010,[56] and is running in the 2012 United States Senate race as a Republican.[57]

2008 US Senate candidacy

Boman finished third in an unsuccessful attempt to be elected to Carl Levin's seat in the US Senate, in which he received 1.57% of the vote.[58][59] His attempt was made under the Libertarian Party of Michigan ticket after winning a contested nomination at their convention over, their 2006 United States Senate nominee, Leonard Schwartz.[60]

Name recognition

Some pundits found the need to distinguish Boman from the former National Hockey League Coach, William Scott Bowman, who was also known as "Scotty Bowman".[61] A photo of the banner from his website appeared in the Detroit Free Press with the caption:

"Scotty Boman, a Libertarian candidate in Michigan's senatorial race, is not related to THE Scotty Bowman. He wants to make that perfectly clear by putting something that looks like a Red Wings jersey on his Web site."[62]

Bailout statement

Boman joined every Michigan Libertarian candidate for the United States House of Representatives, in publicly expressing disapproval of any federal bailout plan. A Libertarian Party of Michigan press release quoted Boman as saying "We must not tax, regulate and penalize them to bail out those on Wall Street and Main Street who have demonstrated they are not responsible, and will likely do the same thing again, and expect yet another bail out"[63]

Campaign for Liberty four point agenda

Boman was among the four United States Senate candidates on Michigan's ballot who endorsed the Campaign for Liberty four point agenda.[64] Ron Paul initially introduced these four points of agreement at a press conference that he hosted on September 10, 2008.[65] They represented points of agreement between presidential candidates Cynthia McKinney, Chuck Baldwin, Ralph Nader, and Bob Barr.[65]

The four point agenda entitled "We Agree" calls for a non-interventionist foreign policy, the restoration of privacy rights, paying off the national debt, and an end to the Federal Reserve System.[65]

The consensus reached by Boman and his counterparts, paralleled the consensus reached by the four corresponding presidential candidates.[64] The other participating United States Senate candidates were Harley Mikkelson of the Green Party, Mike Nikitin of the Constitution Party (Taxpayers), and Doug Dern of the Natural Law Party.[64]

Boman had participated in previous multipartisan efforts including the formation of the Michigan Third Parties Coalition,[66][67] and reminded reporters of this[67] at an appearance in Jackson Michigan.[68]

2010 Secretary of State candidacy

In 2010 Boman received the Libertarian Party of Michigan's nomination for Michigan Secretary of State. One of his stated objectives was to use his candidacy to draw attention to state ID modifications and the effect he believed they had on privacy.[69][70] He lost the election and placed third with 58,044 votes.[71] In Michigan, partisan placement on the ballot is based upon votes received by a party's Secretary of State candidate.[72]

Boman and his Green Party opponent, John Anthony La Pietra issued a joint statement expressing their concern about what they called "Dangerouse ID".[73] Boman said he would "would reject the Real ID Act, Pass Act, or any other attempt to make state documents into de facto national ID cards."[74]

Boman also opposed the driver responsibility fee, taxpayer-funded primaries,[75] and a state Constitutional Convention.[76] He supported no-reason absentee voting,[77] with added security measures.[78]

2012 US Senate Candidacy

Boman formally announced his campaign to seek the Republican nomination for United States Senate on Friday September 9th, 2011 in a press release. He joins a Republican Primary contest in which most of the attention has gone to charter school leader Clark Durant and former U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra.[57]

References

  1. ^ a b c Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Index to Politicians: Bola to Boncoraglio". http://politicalgraveyard.com (website).
  2. ^ a b Edited by WDIV Staff. "Information On Lieutenant Governor Candidates". http://clickondetroit.com (website).
  3. ^ a b Campbell, Bob; Dawson Bell and Zachary Gorchow (May 22, 2006). "POLITICALLY SPEAKING: Scotty Boman is running again". Detroit Free Press. http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060522/NEWS06/605220367. [1]
  4. ^ Secretary of State [2] "http://mi.gov" (website)
  5. ^ Land, Terri (Secretary of State). "Candidate Committee Search (note: to get results enter last name Boman, Libertarian Party, all committees)". http://mi.gov/sos (website).
  6. ^ a b Editorial, Staff (1997-08-31). "Detroit City Elections". Detroit News. http://www.detnews.com. [3]
  7. ^ Stempfle, Greg (May 7, 2002). "Scotty Boman for State Board of Education". LPM Online. http://michiganlp.org/ENewsletters/N20020507.htm#MI1. 
  8. ^ Stempfle, Greg (November/December, 2002). "Election Results By The Numbers". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20Nov-Dec%202002.pdf. 
  9. ^ Stempfle, Greg (November/December, 2002). "Boman Campaign Falls Short For Major Party". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20Nov-Dec%202002.pdf. 
  10. ^ a b Berman, Laura (January 3, 2008). "Paul eyes the cranky Mich. vote". The Detroit News. http://detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080103/OPINION03/801030346. 
  11. ^ a b Boman, Scott (January 3, 2008). "Why Michiganders Should Vote for Ron Paul in Primary". The Muslim Observer. http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=1639. 
  12. ^ a b Organizer Albert "The Wayne County Ron Paul Meetup Group". "ronpaul.meetup.com/1085"(Website)
  13. ^ http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/10GEN/03000000.html
  14. ^ Jauernig, Christof "The International List of Famous Waldorf Alumni (...and Waldorf Parents)" "diewaldorfs.waldorf.net" (website)
  15. ^ Boman, S. A.; E. M. Bernstein, and J. A. Tanis (January 19, 1989). "Single-electron capture and loss cross sections versus target Z for 1 MeV/u oxygen ions incident on gases". Physical Review A 39 (9): 4423. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.39.4423. 
  16. ^ a b c d Vote-USA Project. "Connecting Voters and Candidates". vote-usa.org (website).
  17. ^ a b League of Women Voters (November, 2006). "League of Women Voters 2006 Voters Guide". The Saginaw News. http://www.mlive.com/sanews/saginaw_voters_guide.pdf. 
  18. ^ a b Boman, Scott (November 21, 1986). "Police disturb quiet gathering". Western Herald. 
  19. ^ a b Fellowship of the Purple Cube. "Organization Webpage Description".
  20. ^ Mitchell, Jacqueline (July/August, 2006). "19 arrested at party in taboo Lafayette area". Kalamazoo Gazette. http://www.kalamazoogazette.com. [4]
  21. ^ Allen, Nichole (November 1, 2006). "WMU alum running for Lt. Governor". Western Herald. Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071019004225/http://media.www.westernherald.com/media/storage/paper881/news/2006/11/01/News/Wmu-Alum.Running.For.Lt.Governor-2415318.shtml. 
  22. ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Michigan: U.S. Representatives, 1990s Index of Politicians by Office Held or Sought". http://politicalgraveyard.com (website).
  23. ^ Editorial, Staff (April, 1994). "Affiliate News: Michigan". LP News Archive. http://web.archive.org/web/20011224114650/www.lp.org/lpn/9404-affiliates-MI.html. 
  24. ^ Federal Election Commission. "1996 U.S. House of Representatives Results". http://www.fec.gov (website).
  25. ^ Houghton Mifflin. "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 1996". http://college.hmco.com (website).
  26. ^ Parker, Randy (collaborative). "MI District 14". http://www.ourcampaigns.com (website).
  27. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Committee Statement of Organization (1998)". Michigan.gov (website).
  28. ^ Land, Terri Lyn (Michigan Secretary of State). "Election Results: GENERAL ELECTION. November 03, 1998". uselectionatlas.org (website)
  29. ^ Gallagher, Paul (April 9, 1999). "BEST slate sweeps Student Council election". The South End. http://web.archive.org/web/19990422165259/www.southend.wayne.edu/. 
  30. ^ Yonushewski, Katie (November 2, 2006). "Former Student Council member vying for the governor’s office". The South End. http://thesouthend.typepad.com/tsenews/2006/11/former_student_.html. 
  31. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Committee Statement of Organization (2000)". Michigan.gov (website).
  32. ^ Campaign (July/August, 2002). "Elect Scotty Boman Libertarian for State Board of Education". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20Jul-Aug%202002.pdf. 
  33. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Election Results GENERAL ELECTION November 07, 2000. Member of the Wayne State University Board of Governors 8 Year Terms (2) Positions". Michigan.gov (website).
  34. ^ Leip, David "2000 Presidential General Election Results". http://nicusa.com (website).
  35. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Election Results GENERAL ELECTION November 07, 2000. President of the United States 4 Year Term (1) Position".
  36. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Committee Statement of Organization (2002)". Michigan.gov (website).
  37. ^ Berg, Erica (October 2, 2002). "A ‘different’ state board may await winners". Lansing City Pulse. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927131040/http://www.lansingcitypulse.com/021030/votersguide/boardofed.html. 
  38. ^ Land, Terri Lyn (Michigan Secretary of State). "Election Results: GENERAL ELECTION. November 05, 2002". http://nicusa.com (website).
  39. ^ Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State. "Committee Statement of Organization (2004)". Michigan.gov (website).
  40. ^ Boman, Scott; LSJ Editorial Staff (October, 2004). "LSJ Voting Guide: Candidate Detail". Lansing State Journal. http://www.vgt2004.org/a-lansing/candidate-detail.go?id=1377058. 
  41. ^ Banks, Nancy L. M. (Southfield City Clerk). "City of Southfield Election Results. General Election. Tuesday, November 2, 2004". http://www.cityofsouthfield.com (website).
  42. ^ Boman, Scotty; LSJ Editorial Staff (October, 2004). "General Election 2004". Traverse City Record-Eagle. http://www.record-eagle.com/election2004/08-11_state-ed.pdf. 
  43. ^ Staff (August, 2005). "Libertarian Party of Michigan, Officers and Directors". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20Aug%202005.pdf. 
  44. ^ Boman, Scotty (July/August, 2006). "Full Exec. Committee elected at convention". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20July-Aug%202006.pdf. 
  45. ^ Photo. "October 16 Debate". Michiganlp.org (website).
  46. ^ Committee to Elect Greg Creswell "Handbill". http://scottyboman.lpwm.org (website).
  47. ^ Committee to Elect Greg Creswell "Radio Commercial In Use". http://scottyboman.lpwm.org (website).
  48. ^ Stonewall Libertarians "STONEWALL LIBERTARIANS ENDORSEMENTS". http://www.stonewalllibertarians.com/ (website).
  49. ^ Boman, Scotty. "Marriage, Family, and Custody". http://scottyboman.lpwm.org (website).
  50. ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "American Civil Liberties Union Politician members". http://politicalgraveyard.com (website).
  51. ^ Schwartz, Leonard (July/August, 2006). "The ACLU & MCRI". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20July-Aug%202006.pdf. 
  52. ^ Boman, Scotty (July/August, 2006). "The ACLU chooses racism". Michigan Libertarian. http://michiganlp.org/Past%20Newsletters/Michigan%20Libertarian%20Newsletter%20July-Aug%202006.pdf. 
  53. ^ Braun, Kenneth M. "From Worst to First: The Best Business Tax is None". http://www.mackinac.org (website).
  54. ^ Boman, Scotty. "Scotty Boman for Lt. Governor". http://scottyboman.org (website).
  55. ^ League of Women Voters. "League of Women Voters of Michigan Nonpartisan Voter Guide – November 2006". http://www.lwvmi.org (website).
  56. ^ Wayne County Clerk "2010_Republican_Precinct_Delegates" "http://waynecounty.com" (website)
  57. ^ a b Press, Associated (September 9, 2011). "Boman joins Republican Michigan US Senate race". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/news/article/Boman-joins-Republican-Michigan-US-Senate-race-2163490.php. 
  58. ^ Staff (November 5, 2008). "Election 2008: U.S. Senate, Michigan". The Washington Post. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008/elections/mi/senate/. 
  59. ^ [5]
  60. ^ Cassidy, Austin (June 7, 2008). "Michigan Libertarian convention features pair of contested races; full slate of congressional and statewide candidates". Independent Political Report. http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2008/06/michigan-libertarian-convention-features-pair-of-contested-races-full-slate-of-congressional-and-statewide-candidates/. 
  61. ^ Odette, Linda (November 5, 2008). "Election night with me, will.i.am and Keith Olbermann". The Grand Rapids Press. http://blog.mlive.com/cafe/2008/11/election_night_with_me_william.html. 
  62. ^ Schrader, Steve (June 24, 2008). "DEVRIES LENDS HAND TO HOMETOWN". Detroit Free Press. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?s_site=freep&f_site=freep&f_sitename=Detroit+Free+Press&p_theme=gannett&p_product=FP&p_action=search&p_perpage=10&p_maxdocs=200&p_queryname=700&s_search_type=customized&p_text_base-0=DEVRIES+LENDS+HAND+TO+HOME&p_field_base-0=&p_bool_base-1=AND&p_text_base-1=&p_field_base-1=&p_bool_base-2=AND&p_text_base-2=&p_field_base-2=&p_sort=_rank_%3AD&p_text_YMD_date-0=&p_field_YMD_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_YMD_date-0=date%3AB%2CE&Search=Search. 
  63. ^ Cassidy, Austin; G.E (2008-09-26). "Michigan Libertarians for Congress Unanimous: 'Don't bail out the bankers, throw out the incumbents'". Independent Political Report. http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2008/09/michigan-libertarians-for-congress-unanimous-dont-bail-out-the-bankers-throw-out-the-incumbents. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 
  64. ^ a b c Cassidy, Austin; G.E. (October 24, 2008). "Four Michigan US Senate candidates endorse Ron Paul’s Campaign for Liberty four point agenda". Independent Political Report. http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2008/10/four-michigan-us-senate-candidates-endorse-ron-pauls-campaign-for-liberty-four-point-agenda. 
  65. ^ a b c Rasmussen, Don; Ron Paul, Cynthia McKinney, Chuck Baldwin, and Ralph Nader (September 10, 2008). "We Agree". Campaign for Liberty. http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=457. 
  66. ^ Bell, Dawson (July 4, 2007). "GOOD COPS, BAD COPS, AND DON'T FORGET DINGELL'S IPHONE". The Detroit Free Press. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?s_site=freep&f_site=freep&f_sitename=Detroit+Free+Press&p_theme=gannett&p_product=FP&p_action=search&p_perpage=10&p_maxdocs=200&p_queryname=700&s_search_type=customized&p_text_base-0=Good+cops,+bad+cops&p_field_base-0=title&p_bool_base-1=AND&p_text_base-1=&p_field_base-1=&p_bool_base-2=AND&p_text_base-2=&p_field_base-2=&p_sort=_rank_:D&p_text_YMD_date-0=July+4,+2007&p_field_YMD_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_YMD_date-0=date:B,E&Search=Search. 
  67. ^ a b Gautz, Chris (October 31, 2008). "Getting in Your Business (Overheard at Party Politics...)". Jackson Citizen Patriot. http://blog.mlive.com/getting_in_your_business/2008/10/overheard_at_party_politics.html. 
  68. ^ Klaft, Holly (October 30, 2008). "Jackson chamber event a must for public office seekers". Jackson Citizen Patriot. http://www.mlive.com/citpat/news/index.ssf/2008/10/jackson_chamber_event_a_must_f.html. 
  69. ^ Press, Associated (October 2, 2010). "Elections, campaign finance issues in Secretary of State race". Michigan Live LLC. http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/10/elections_campaign_finance_iss.html. 
  70. ^ Williams, Corey (October 24, 2010). "GUIDE: Driving, voting key Secretary of State issues". Battle Creek Enquirer. Archived from the original on November 11, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.battlecreekenquirer.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D201010240306&date=2010-11-11. 
  71. ^ Land, Terri (Secretary of State). "Election Results: GENERAL ELECTION November 02, 2010". mi.gov/sos (website).
  72. ^ Land, Terri (Secretary of State). "Michigan Ballot Production Standards". michigan.gov (website).
  73. ^ Boman, Scotty (November 1, 2010). "TWO SOS CANDIDATES SIGN PLEDGE AGAINST "DANGEROUS ID"". Michigan Libertarian. http://mi.lp.org/ENewsletters/201011/201011_ML.html#7. 
  74. ^ Press, Associated (October 31, 2010). "Secretary of state candidates answer 4 questions". South Bend Tribune. http://www.southbendtribune.com/article/20101031/NEWS07/10310420/-1/googleNews. 
  75. ^ Staff, Editorial (October 1, 2010). "MICHIGAN ELECTION PREVIEW: Secretary of State". The Macomb Daily. http://www.macombdaily.com/articles/2010/10/01/news/politics/doc4ca4ab1cb07fb799249722.txt?viewmode=fullstory. 
  76. ^ Murdoch, Aaron (October 17, 2010). "Rewrite the Michigan Constitution?". PoliiFeed. http://politifeed.blogspot.com/2010/10/rewrite-michigan-constitution.html#more. 
  77. ^ LWVMI Education Fund 2010. "Election Results: GENERAL ELECTION. November 05, 2002". lwvmi.org (website).
  78. ^ Taljonick, Ryan (October 15, 2010). "Secretary of State branch efficiency a major issue". Central Michigan Life. http://www.cm-life.com/2010/10/15/secretary-of-state-branch-efficacy-a-major-issue/. 

External links